What defines the ABCD approach in initial patient assessment?

• A. Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation.
• B. Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Drug administration.
• C. Airway, Body temperature, Circulation, Disability.
• D. Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability (neurologic status).

Answer: (D)

ABCD in the initial assessment targets life-sustaining functions in a specific order: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, then Disability. The Disability component is about neurologic status—quickly gauging alertness and brain function ( responsiveness, level of consciousness, pupil reaction, etc.). This sequence ensures you first secure the airway if needed, then check breathing and circulation to ensure oxygen delivery and perfusion, and only then assess neurological status to identify urgent brain-related issues that could change priorities of care.

Defibrillation is a treatment for certain cardiac rhythms, not part of the quick assessment steps. Drug administration and body temperature are not elements of the ABCD initial assessment. Among the options, the final element correctly reflects Disability as neurologic status.